Wilfred Trotter (1872-1939) was a British The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name and the state form of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927. It was formed by the merger of the Kingdom of Great Britain (itself having been a merger of the Kingdoms of England and Scotland) and the Kingdom of Ireland, with Ireland being governed directly from surgeon In medicine, a surgeon is a person who performs surgery. Surgery is a broad category of invasive medical treatment that involves the cutting of a body, whether human or animal, for a specific reason such to remove a diseased organ or to repair a tear or breakage. Surgeons may be physicians, dentists, podiatrists or veterinarians. In earlier times,, a pioneer in neurosurgery Neurosurgery is the surgery discipline focused on treating the central nervous system, peripheral nervous systems and spinal column diseases amenable to surgical intervention. The persian Physician Rhazes is considered being the pioneer of neurosurgery. He was also known for his studies on social psychology Social psychology is the study of the relations between people and groups. Scholars in this interdisciplinary area are typically either psychologists or sociologists, though all social psychologists employ both the individual and the group as their units of analysis, most notably for his concept of the herd instinct Herd behavior describes how individuals in a group can act together without planned direction. The term pertains to the behavior of animals in herds, flocks, and schools, and to human conduct during activities such as stock market bubbles and crashes, street demonstrations, sporting events, religious gatherings, episodes of mob violence and even, which he first outlined in two published papers in 1908, and later in his famous popular work Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War is the title of a famous book by Wilfred Trotter. Based on the ideas of Gustave LeBon it was very influential in the development of Group dynamics and Crowd psychology and the Propaganda of Edward Bernays. Trotter argued that gregariousness was an instinct Instinct is the inherent disposition of a living organism toward a particular behavior. The fixed action patterns are unlearned and inherited. The stimuli can be variable due to imprinting in a sensitive period or also genetically fixed. Examples of instinctual fixed action patterns can be observed in the behavior of animals, which perform various, and studied beehives A beehive is an enclosed structure in which some honey bee species of the genus live and raise their young. Natural beehives are naturally-occurring structures occupied by honey bee colonies, while domesticated honey bees live in man-made beehives, often in an apiary. These man-made structures are typically referred to as "beehives", flocks of sheep and a wolf packs The term wolf pack refers to the mass-attack tactics against convoys used by German U-boats of the Kriegsmarine during the Battle of the Atlantic and submarines of the United States Navy against Japanese shipping in the Pacific Ocean in World War II.
He met Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud , born Sigismund Schlomo Freud (May 6, 1856 – September 23, 1939), was an Austrian neurologist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology. Freud is best known for his theories of the unconscious mind and the defense mechanism of repression and for creating the clinical practice of psychoanalysis for treating several times. According to Ernest Jones Alfred Ernest Jones Welsh neurologist, psychoanalyst and Sigmund Freud’s official biographer. As the first English-language practitioner of psychoanalysis and as President of both of the British Psycho-Analytical Society and the International Psychoanalytic Association in the 1920s and 1930s, Jones exercised unmatched influence in the[1] (Freud's first biographer), "he was one of the first two or three in England to appreciate the significance of Freud's work, which I came to know through him. He was one of the rapidly diminishing group who attended the first International Congress at Salzburg in 1908."
Working at University College Hospital University College Hospital is a teaching hospital in London, England, part of the University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and associated with University College London. University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust is a member of the UCL Partners academic health science centre in London, as professor of surgery, he held the office of honorary surgeon to King George V from 1928 to 1932. He was also a member of the Council of the Royal Society that conferred their Honorary Membership on Professor Freud, whom he attended after his move to England. Later he was consulted about Freud's terminal cancer, in 1938.
Trotter was also the surgeon, at University College London University College London is an elite university and a constituent college of the University of London, based primarily in Bloomsbury, London for whom Wilfred Bion Wilfred Ruprecht Bion DSO was a British psychoanalyst. A pioneer in group dynamics, he was associated with the 'Tavistock group', the group of pioneering psychologists that founded the Tavistock Institute in 1946 on the basis of their shared wartime experiences. He later wrote the influential Experiences in Groups, London: Tavistock, 1961 worked as a resident in his own medical training, before he famously studied groups and trained as a psychoanalyst at the Tavistock Institute The Tavistock Institute of Human Relations is a British charity concerned with group behaviour and organisational behaviour. It was launched in 1946, when it separated from the Tavistock Clinic. In her account of Bion's life 'The Days of our Years',[2] his wife, Francesca writes of the great influence Trotter had on the direction of Bion's work on group relations.
Edward Bernays Edward Louis Bernays was the father of public relations and an American pioneer in the field of public relations along with Ivy Lee. Combining the ideas of Gustave Le Bon and Wilfred Trotter on crowd psychology with the psychoanalytical ideas of his uncle, Sigmund Freud, Bernays was one of the first to attempt to manipulate public opinion using, author of Propaganda, and nephew to Freud, also refers to Trotter and Gustave Le Bon Gustave Le Bon was a French social psychologist, sociologist, and amateur physicist. He was the author of several works in which he expounded theories of national traits, racial superiority, herd behavior and crowd psychology in his writings.
Contents |
Life
Born in Coleford, England, in 1872, Trotter moved to London to attend college at age 16. An excellent medical student, he decided to specialise in surgery, and opened his own practice after obtaining his medical degree. He was also a keen writer, with an interest in science and philosophy. In 1908 he published two papers about the herd mentality, which were precursors to his later, more famous, work. In the last years of his life, he taught at a medical school and turned to writing on a larger scale. The Collected Papers of Wilfred Trotter, an anthology of his final essays, appeared two years after his death in 1939.
Major Works
Trotter's popular book, The Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War is an analysis of group psychology and the ability of large numbers of people to be swayed by innate tendency. In it he popularised in English the concept, first developed by french sociologist Gustave Le Bon Gustave Le Bon was a French social psychologist, sociologist, and amateur physicist. He was the author of several works in which he expounded theories of national traits, racial superiority, herd behavior and crowd psychology, of an instinct overriding the will of the individual in favour of the group.
Trotter's writings about the herd mentality, which began as early as 1905 and were published as a paper in two parts in 1908 and 1909 are considered by some to represent a breakthrough in the understanding of group behaviour, long before its study became important in a variety of fields, from workplace relations The field of industrial relations looks at the relationship between management and workers, particularly groups of workers represented by a union to marketing Marketing is the process associated with promotion for sale goods or services. It is considered a "social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and values with others." It is an integrated process through which companies create value for customers.
Bibliography
Trotter, W. (1908). “Herd instinct and its bearing on the psychology of civilized man - part 1.” Sociological Review, July. Trotter, W. (1909). “Herd instinct and its bearing on the psychology of civilized man - part 2.” Sociological Review, January. Trotter, W. (1919). Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War - 4th impression, with postscript. New York, MacMillan. Cooke, D. (1987). “Book review - WILFRED TROTTER, Instincts of the herd in peace and war 1916-1919, London, Keynes Press, 1985.” Medical History 31(1): 113-4. Holdstock, D. (1985). Introduction. in: Instincts of the herd in peace and war 1916-1919. W. Trotter. London, Keynes Press: pp xxviii.
Notes
- ^ PEP Web - Wilfred Trotter at www.pep-web.org
- ^ BPAS - The Days of our Years: Francesca Bion 1994 at www.psychoanalysis.org.uk
See also
- Crowd psychology Crowd psychology is a branch of social psychology. Ordinary people can typically gain direct power by acting collectively. Historically, because large groups of people have been able to bring about dramatic and sudden social change in a manner that bypasses established due process, they have also provoked controversy. Social scientists have
- Group Dynamics Group dynamics is the study of groups, and also a general term for group processes. Relevant to the fields of psychology, sociology, and communication studies, a group is two or more individuals who are connected to each other by social relationships. Because they interact and influence each other, groups develop a number of dynamic processes that
- Gustave Le Bon Gustave Le Bon was a French social psychologist, sociologist, and amateur physicist. He was the author of several works in which he expounded theories of national traits, racial superiority, herd behavior and crowd psychology
- Wilfred Bion Wilfred Ruprecht Bion DSO was a British psychoanalyst. A pioneer in group dynamics, he was associated with the 'Tavistock group', the group of pioneering psychologists that founded the Tavistock Institute in 1946 on the basis of their shared wartime experiences. He later wrote the influential Experiences in Groups, London: Tavistock, 1961
- Ernest Jones Alfred Ernest Jones Welsh neurologist, psychoanalyst and Sigmund Freud’s official biographer. As the first English-language practitioner of psychoanalysis and as President of both of the British Psycho-Analytical Society and the International Psychoanalytic Association in the 1920s and 1930s, Jones exercised unmatched influence in the
External links
Categories: 1872 births | 1939 deaths | People from Coleford | British surgeons | Neurosurgeons Categories: Neurosurgery | Medical doctors by specialty | Academics of University College London | Crowd psychologists
